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Birthstones

A birthstone is a gift of a precious material (jewelry, mainly gemstones; themselves traditionally associated with various qualities) that symbolizes the month of birth (in the Gregorian Calendar).

It is sometimes also called birthday stone (cf. infra; but that word is, confusingly, sometimes used as a synonym for an anniversary gift, which is related to the recipient's age, i.e. year of birth).

There have been many different sets of birthstones used throughout history and in different cultures, but in 1912 the American national association of jewelers, Jewelers of America, officially adopted the following list; it is currently the most widely used list in the United States and many other places, including Australia (a jeweler's 'modern' list states they are selected for bright colors) and Thailand:

• January: garnet
• February: amethyst
• March: aquamarine or bloodstone
• April: diamond
• May: emerald
• June: pearl (the only non-gem) or moonstone or alexandrite
• July: ruby
• August: peridot or sardonyx and sapphire
• September: sapphire
• October: opal or tourmaline
• November: citrine, yellow topaz
• December: turquoise or lapis lazuli (the blue stone in pharaonic jewelry) or zircon or blue topaz. Tanzanite was added to December by the American Gem Trade Association in 2002.

Zodiac stones

There is an astrological version of the birthstones using the twelve zodiac signs instead of the twelve calendar months. Listed below are the corresponding dates for the tropical sun signs and their associated birthstone.

• Aries (March 21 - April 20) Diamond
• Taurus (April 20 - May 21) Sapphire
• Gemini (May 21 - June 20) Spinel
• Cancer (June 21 - July 22) Emerald
• Leo (July 23 - August 22) Ruby
• Virgo (August 23 - September 22) Opal
• Libra (September 23 - October 23) Peridot
• Scorpio (October 24 - November 21) Aquamarine
• Sagittarius (November 22 - December 21) Topaz
• Capricorn (December 22 - January 21) Garnet
• Aquarius (January 20 - February 18) Amethyst and moonstone
• Pisces (February 19 - March 20) Diamond

Birthday stones

While this word has also been used as synonym of Birth stone (see above), there is a separate list of assignment according to the day of the week of the recipient's birth:

• Monday : Pearl (again, the only non-gem)
• Tuesday : Garnet
• Wednesday : Cat's eye (Chatoyant Chrysoberyl)
• Thursday : Emerald
• Friday : Topaz
• Saturday : Sapphire
• Sunday : Ruby